Automobile laminated glass

ABSTRACT

A automobile laminated glass according to the present invention includes: a first glass plate that is formed into a rectangular shape; a second glass plate that is disposed so as to face the first glass plate, and is formed into a rectangular shape; an intermediate film that is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; a functional layer that is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate; and an obstructing layer that is laminated on a peripheral edge portion of at least one of the first glass plate and the second glass plate, wherein the functional layer is formed so that an outer edge of at least a portion of the functional layer is located outward of an inner edge of the obstructing layer.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an automobile laminated glass.

BACKGROUND ART

An automobile laminated glass used in a windshield includes an outerglass plate, an inner glass plate, and an intermediate film disposedbetween these glass plates. In recent years, the intermediate film isprovided with various additional functions. For example, a functionallayer such as a heat shield film is provided in the intermediate film inorder to suppress a temperature rise caused by light from the outside ofa vehicle (for example, Patent Literature 1).

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: JP 2016-64965A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

The above-described laminated glass is formed into a curved shape so asto protrude toward the outside of the vehicle. More specifically, forexample, many windshields have a three-dimensional structure that curveswith respect to an axis that extends in a horizontal direction, andfurther curves with respective to an axis that extends in a verticaldirection. Therefore, if the functional layer, which is a flat film, issandwiched between the two glass plates, the functional layer may bewrinkled, and causes a problem in that the appearance of the laminatedglass degrades.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-describedproblem, and aims to provide an automobile laminated glass with whichthe appearance thereof is prevented from being degraded by wrinklesformed in a functional layer in an intermediate film disposed betweentwo curved glass plates.

Solution to Problem

Item 1. An automobile laminated glass including:

a first glass plate that is formed into a rectangular shape;

a second glass plate that is disposed so as to face the first glassplate, and is formed into a rectangular shape;

an intermediate film that is disposed between the first glass plate andthe second glass plate, and includes a functional layer; and

an obstructing layer that is laminated on a peripheral edge portion ofat least one of the first glass plate and the second glass plate,

wherein the functional layer is formed so that an outer edge of at leasta portion of the functional layer is located outward of an inner edge ofthe obstructing layer.

Item 2. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 1,

wherein the outer edge of at least a portion of the functional layer isan upper side of the automobile laminated glass.

Item. 3 The automobile laminated glass according to Item 1 or 2,

wherein a portion located outward of the inner edge of the obstructinglayer, of the outer edge of the functional layer, is formed so as tohave an arc-shaped corner.

Item 4. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-updisplay device, and at least one base film that supports the projectionfilm, and

a portion of the outer edge of the functional layer is formed so as toreach an end edge of the automobile laminated glass.

Item 5. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-updisplay device, and at least one base film that supports the projectionfilm, and

a portion of the outer edge of the functional layer is disposed with agap from an end edge of the automobile laminated glass.

Item 6. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-updisplay device, and at least one base film that supports the projectionfilm, and

an end edge of the projection film is located inward of an end edge ofthe base film, with a gap of at least 10 mm from the end edge of thebase film.

Item 7. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side,

the functional layer includes a projection film and at least one basefilm that supports the projection film, and

when a distance between the base film and the second glass plate is nogreater than 50 μm, an end edge of the projection film is located inwardof an end edge of the base film, with a gap of at least 26.8 mm from theend edge of the base film.

Item 8. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side,

the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up displaydevice, and

a visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is greater thana visible light transmittance of the first glass plate.

Item 9. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 8,

wherein a thickness of the second glass plate is greater than athickness of the first glass plate.

Item 10. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 8 or 9,

wherein a visible light transmittance per unit thickness of the secondglass plate is greater than a visible light transmittance per unitthickness of the first glass plate.

Item 11. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 8to 10,

wherein the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is noless than 85%.

Item 12. The automobile laminated glass

according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the second glass plate islocated on a vehicle interior-side,

the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up displaydevice, and

a distance between the projection film and the second glass plate issmaller than a distance between the projection film and the first glassplate.

Item 13. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 12,

wherein the distance between the projection film and the second glassplate is within a range of 0.3 μm to 100 μm.

Item 14. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 13,

wherein the distance between the projection film and the second glassplate is within a range of 20 μm to 100 μm.

Item 15. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the obstructing layer is provided with an opening through whichlight entering an information acquisition device that is provided on avehicle interior-side passes, and

a distance between the opening and the functional layer is no less than10 mm.

Item 16. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 15,

wherein a distance between the functional layer and either one of theglass plates is no greater than 50 μm, and

a distance between the opening and the functional layer is no less than26.8 mm.

Item 17. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 15 or 16,

wherein the functional layer is provided with an optical film, and

an upper edge of the optical film is located lower than the opening.

Item 18. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 3,

wherein the functional layer is provided with an infrared reflectivefilm, and

a distance between the infrared reflective film and the first glassplate is smaller than a distance between the infrared reflective filmand the first glass plate.

Item 19. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 18,

wherein the intermediate film includes a heat-shielding PVB film.

Item 20. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1to 19,

wherein a thickness of the intermediate film is within a range of 0.3 μmto 400 μm.

Item 21. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 1,

wherein the intermediate film is provided with

-   -   the functional layer, and    -   at least one adhesion layer for bonding the functional layer to        at least one of the glass plates.

Item 22. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 21,

wherein the at least one adhesion layer of the intermediate film isprovided as a pair of adhesion layers, and

the functional layer is disposed between the pair of adhesion layers.

Item 23. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 1, 21, or 22,

wherein the functional layer is formed so that an outer edge of at leasta portion of the functional layer is located within a range of 10 mminward of an outer edge of the automobile laminated glass.

Item 24. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 23,

wherein the automobile laminated glass is curved so as to protrudetoward the first glass plate side, and

a maximum distance between a virtual line connecting respectivemidpoints of upper and lower sides of the second glass plate and thesecond glass plate is no less than 10 mm.

Item 25. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 24,

wherein a thickness of the outer edge of the functional layer is nogreater than 2 mm.

Item 26. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 25,

wherein the functional layer is configured to thermally shrink whenheated at 130° C. for 30 minutes.

Item 27. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 26,

wherein the automobile laminated glass is curved so as to protrudetoward the first glass plate side, and

at least one of Formulas (1) and (2) below is satisfied:

r _(V) ×r _(H) ≥r _(MD) ×r _(TD)  (1)

r _(V)≥0.9990 and r _(V) ≥r _(TD)  (2)

where

O denotes a midpoint of an upper side of the second glass plate,

P denotes a midpoint of a lower side of the second glass plate,

Q denotes a midpoint of a left side of the second glass plate,

R denotes a midpoint of a right side of the second glass plate,

L_(V) denotes a length of a curved line OP that extends along a firstsurface of the second glass plate on an opposite side of the first glassplate,

I_(V) denotes a length of a straight line OP,

Lh denotes a length of a curved line QR extending along the firstsurface of the second glass plate,

I_(H) denotes a length of a straight line QR,

rV denotes I_(V)/L_(V),

r_(H) denotes I_(H)/L_(H),

an MD direction denotes a roll winding direction in which the functionallayer is fed out,

a TD direction denotes a direction that is orthogonal to the rollwinding direction in which the functional layer is fed out,

r_(MD) denotes a heat shrinkage of the functional layer in the MDdirection before and after being heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes,

rTD denote a heat shrinkage of the functional layer in the TD directionbefore and after being heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes, and

the MD direction of the functional layer coincides with a direction inwhich the curved line QR extends.

Item 28. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 27,

wherein the first glass plate is located on a vehicle exterior-side,

the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side, and

the obstructing layer is laminated on at least one of a vehicleinterior-side surface of the first glass plate and a vehicleinterior-side surface of the second glass plate.

Item 29. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 28,

wherein an infrared transmittance of the obstructing layer is no greaterthan 5%.

Item 30. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 29,

wherein the functional layer includes a heat shield film.

Item 31. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 30,

wherein the functional layer includes at least one of a heating elementor an antenna element.

Item 32. The automobile laminated glass according to any one of Items 1and 21 to 31,

wherein the automobile laminated glass is configured so that lightemitted from a head-up display device projects information thereto, and

the functional layer includes a projection film to which the informationis projected.

Item 33. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 32,

wherein the projection film is larger than a display area to which theinformation is projected.

Item 34. The automobile laminated glass according to Item 32 or 33,

wherein a heat shrinkage of the projection film when heated at 130° C.for 30 minutes is no greater than 4%.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent theappearance thereof from being degraded by wrinkles formed in afunctional layer in an intermediate film disposed between two curvedglass plates.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment in which an automobilelaminated glass according to the present invention is applied to awindshield.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along a line A-A in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the windshield in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the window shield in FIG. 3 takenalong a Y direction.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the window shield in FIG. 3 takenalong an X direction.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing another example of the laminated glassaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along a line B-B in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a logarithmic graph showing a relationship between a distanceL1 and a double image.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another example of the laminated glassaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the laminated glassaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of the laminated glassaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan view showing another example of the laminated glassaccording to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

First, a configuration of a windshield according to the presentembodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 isa plan view of windshield according to the present embodiment, and FIG.2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1. For convenience of explanation,the vertical direction in FIG. 1 may be referred to as a “top-bottom”,“vertical”, or “longitudinal” direction, and the horizontal direction inFIG. 1 may be referred to as a “left-right” direction.

As shown in FIG. 1, the windshield is provided with a laminated glass 10that has a trapezoidal shape that is elongated in the horizontaldirection. This laminated glass 10 includes an outer glass plate 11, aninner glass plate 12, and an intermediate film 13 disposed therebetween.An obstructing layer 4 is laminated on a peripheral edge portion of thevehicle interior-side surface of the inner glass plate 12 so as toobstruct the field of view from the outside of the vehicle. Thefollowing describes each constituent elements in detail.

<1. Laminated Glass>

<1.1. Glass Plates>

First, the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 will bedescribed. The glass plates 11 and 12 can be known glass plates, and canalso be formed with heat absorbing glass, ordinary clear glass or greenglass, or UV green glass. However, these glass plates 11 and 12 need toachieve visible light transmittance conforming to the safety standardsin the country in which an automobile is used. For example, anadjustment can be made so that a required solar absorptivity is ensuredin the outer glass plate 11, and the visible light transmittancesatisfies the safety standards with the inner glass plate 12. Examplesof clear glass, heat absorbing glass, and soda-lime glass are listedbelow.

Clear Glass

SiO₂: 70 to 73 mass %Al₂O₃:0.6 to 2.4 mass %CaO: 7 to 12 mass %MgO: 1.0 to 4.5 mass %R₂O: 13 to 15 mass % (R denotes alkali metal)Total iron oxide (T-Fe₂O₃) expressed in terms of Fe₂O₃: 0.08 to 0.14mass %

Heat Absorbing Glass

The composition of heat absorbing glass can be, for example, acomposition that is based on the composition of clear glass, where theproportion of total iron oxide (T-Fe₂O₃) expressed in terms of Fe₂O₃ is0.4 to 1.3 mass o, the proportion of CeO₂ is 0 to 2 mass o, theproportion of TiO₂ is 0 to 0.5 mass %, and the skeletal component(primarily, SiO₂ and Al₂O₃) of glass is reduced by the increased amountof T-Fe₂O₃, CeO₂, and TiO₂.

Soda-Lime Glass

SiO₂: 65 to 80 mass %Al₂O₃: 0 to 5 mass %CaO: 5 to 15 mass %MgO: 2 mass % or moreNaO: 10 to 18 mass %K₂O: 0 to 5 mass %MgO+CaO: 5 to 15 mass %Na₂O+K₂O: 10 to 20 mass %SO₃: 0.05 to 0.3 mass %B₂O₃: 0 to 5 mass %Total iron oxide (T-Fe₂O₃) expressed in terms of Fe₂O₃: 0.02 to 0.03mass %

Although the thickness of the laminated glass 10 according to thepresent embodiment is not particularly limited, the total thickness ofthe outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 is preferably 2.1mm to 6 mm. From the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thicknessof the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 is preferably2.4 mm to 3.8 mm, more preferably 2.6 mm to 3.4 mm, and particularlypreferably 2.7 mm to 3.2 mm.

The outer glass plate 11 principally needs durability and shockresistance against an external obstacle. When used as an automobilewindshield, the outer glass plate 11 needs shock resistance against aflying object, such as a small stone. Meanwhile, the larger thethickness is, the larger the weight is, which is not favorable. Fromthis viewpoint, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 preferably is1.8 mm to 2.3 mm, and more preferably is 1.9 mm to 2.1 mm. The thicknessto be employed can be determined in accordance with the usage of theglass.

The thickness of the inner glass plate 12 can be made equal to that ofthe outer glass plate 11, but can alternatively be made smaller than thethickness of the outer glass plate 11 for the reduction in the weight ofthe laminated glass 10, for example. Specifically, giving considerationto the glass strength, the thickness of the inner glass plate 12 ispreferably 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm, andparticularly preferably 1.0 mm to 1.4 mm. Furthermore, the thickness ofthe inner glass plate 12 is preferably 0.8 mm to 1.3 mm. The thicknessof the inner glass plate 12 to be employed can also be determined inaccordance with the usage of the glass.

In addition, the laminated glass 10 is curved so as to protrude towardthe outside of the vehicle as described later in detail, and thethickness in such a case is measured at two positions, namely an upperposition and a lower position on a center line (a curved line OPdescribed below) that extends in the top-bottom direction passingthrough the center of the laminated glass 10 in the left-rightdirection. There is no particular restriction on the type of measurementinstrument, but a thickness gauge, such as the SM-112 manufactured byTeclock Corporation for example, can be used. During measurement, thelaminated glass 10 is arranged so that the curved face thereof is placedon a flat face, and measurement is performed while holding an endportion of the laminated glass 1 using the aforementioned thicknessgauge.

<1-2. Intermediate Film>

As shown in FIG. 2, the intermediate film 13 includes a first adhesionlayer 131 that is transparent and is bonded to the outer glass plate 11,a second adhesion layer 132 that is transparent and is bonded to theinner glass plate 12, and a functional layer 133 that is transparent andis disposed between the adhesion layers 131 and 132.

Although the first adhesion layer 131 and the second adhesion layer 132are not particularly limited as long as they can be bonded to the glassplates 11 and 12, they may be formed of, for example, polyvinyl butyralresin (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or the like. Generally, it ispossible to control the hardness of a polyvinyl acetal resin bycontrolling (a) the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol thatis a starting material, (b) the degree of acetalization, (c) the type ofplasticizer, (d) the addition ratio of the plasticizer, and so on.

The surfaces of the first adhesion layer 131 and the second adhesionlayer 132 before being bonded to the glass plates 11 and 12 may beembossed in order to easily push air out when the first adhesion layer131 and the second adhesion layer 132 are bonded to the functional layer133 or to the glass plates 11 and 12.

Although the thicknesses of the first adhesion layer 131 and the secondadhesion layer 132 are not particularly limited, the thicknesses arepreferably 20 μm to 2.0 mm, more preferably 20 μm to 1.0 mm, andparticularly preferably 50 μm to 100 μm. Note that the thicknesses ofthe adhesion layers 131 and 132 may be the same or different. When theadhesion layers 131 and 132 are to be embossed, it is preferable to setthe thickness to 20 μm or more as described above, considering theembossing depth. Also, instead of using a sheet-shaped adhesive layer,it is possible to form the adhesion layers 131 and 132 through coating.In such a case, it is possible to form a thin adhesion layer of 0.3 μmto 100 μm.

The total thickness of the adhesion layers 131 and 132 is preferably noless than 0.76 mm. This is to ensure the penetration resistance and thelike of the windshield, specified in JIS R3211 and R3212, for example.

A film having various functions can be used as the functional layer 133according to the purpose. For example, a known heat shield film, heatgenerating film, projection film, light emitting film, antenna film, orthe like may be used.

In order to suppress a temperature rise in the vehicle, a known infraredreflective film that reflects infrared rays, or a film configured toabsorb infrared rays may be adopted as the heat shield film. Such a heatshield film is preferably disposed on the outer glass plate 11 side inthe thickness direction of the intermediate film 13. That is to say, thefirst adhesion layer 131 is to be thinner than the second adhesion layer132. With such a configuration, the laminated glass can absorb infraredrays at a position farther from the vehicle interior. In order toachieve a heat shielding function, in addition to forming the functionallayer 133 using a heat shield film, it is possible to form at leasteither the first adhesion layer 131 or the second adhesion layer 132using a heat shielding PVB.

The heat generating film is used to remove fogging and to deice, and hasa configuration in which a plurality of thin wires that generate heatupon a voltage being applied thereto are supported by a base film. Thebase film may be a transparent film, and the material thereof is notparticularly limited. The base film may be formed of, for example,polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate,polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polystyrene,polypropylene, nylon, or the like.

The projection film is a film to which information is projected by lightemitted from a head-up display device (hereinafter referred to as anHUD). The projection film is not particularly limited as long as it is afilm that reflects light and has a refractive index different from thoseof the adhesion layers 131 and 132. For example, a film that can controlpolarization, such as a p-polarized light reflection film, a hologramfilm, a scattering reflection system type transparent screen, ascattering transmission type transparent screen, a scattering reflectiontype dimming film, a scattering transmission type dimming film, or ahigh reflection film for an HUD may be used. Although the size of theprojection film is not particularly limited, it is preferably largerthan the area to which information is to be projected. The projectionfilm may be supported by a base film. The base film may be the same asthe aforementioned heat generating film. The projection film may havethe same size as the base film, or smaller than the base film. If thisis the case, it is preferable that the outer edge of the projection filmis located inward of the outer edge of the base film.

Note that the base film may be disposed on either the outer glassplate-side surface or the inner glass plate-side surface of theprojection film. Alternatively, the projection film may be sandwichedbetween two base films.

The light emitting film has a built-in LED or the like, and emits lightto show predetermined characters, figures, and so on.

The antenna film is, as with the heat generating film, a film formed bydisposing an FM, AM, DTV, or DAB antenna on the above-described basefilm, for example.

Note that the above-described films are examples of the functional layer133, and the functional layer 133 is not limited to these examples.

Although not particularly limited, the thickness of the filmconstituting the functional layer 133 described above is preferably 0.01mm to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm, for example. Asdescribed above, the upper limit of the thickness of the end face of aperipheral edge portion of the film is preferably 2.0 mm. When thethickness of the end face of the film is large, the functional layer 133is smaller than the two adhesion layers 131 and 132, and therefore astep is formed in the interlayer film 13. Due to this step, when theintermediate film 13 is sandwiched between the two glass plates 11 and12, air may be contained and bubbles may be formed.

In order to prevent wrinkles from being formed, it is preferable thatthe functional layer 133 appropriately shrinks when heated at the timeof bonding. The heat shrinkage rate of the functional layer 133 ispreferably small, and is preferably no greater than 4% when heated at130° C. for 30 minutes, for example. In particular, when a projectionfilm is used as the functional layer 133, the heat shrinkage ispreferably no greater than 1% when heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes.This is because a heat shrinkage rate that is too large causes imagedistortion, for example. The heat shrinkage can be measured in thefollowing manner. First, a film having the functional layer 133 isprovided with marks at intervals of 500 mm, this film is placed on asubstrate without being fixed thereto, and is held in an electricfurnace kept at 130° C., for 30 minutes, and the distance between themarks is measured to calculate the heat shrinkage.

The heat shrinkage of the functional layer 133 described above is thatbefore the windshield is manufactured. However even after the windshieldis manufactured as described below, the functional layer 133 obtained bydisassembling the windshield preferably shrinks under theabove-described conditions.

Note that the thicknesses of the adhesion layers 131 and 132 and thefunctional layer 133 can be measured in the following manner, forexample. First, the cross section of the windshield is magnified 175times and displayed, using a microscope (for example, VH-5500manufactured by KEYENCE). Thereafter, the thicknesses of the adhesionlayers 131 and 132 and the functional layer 133 are visually specified,and are measured. At this time, in order to eliminate visual variations,the number of measurements is set to 5, and the average value is takenas the thicknesses of the adhesion layer 131 and 132 and the functionallayer 133.

The adhesion layers 131 and 132 have the same size as the outer glassplate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, whereas the functional layer 133has a smaller size than the adhesion layers 131 and 132. Specifically,the peripheral edge of the functional layer 133 is located inward of theperipheral edges of the glass plates 11 and 12. For example, theperipheral edge of the functional layer 133 is preferably located at aposition that is 5 mm or more inward of the peripheral edges of theglass plates 11 and 12, and more preferably at a position that is 10 mmor more inward thereof. This is to prevent water from entering from theedge of the intermediate film 13 when wrinkles are formed at the edge ofthe functional layer 133 as described later.

<2. Obstructing Layer>

As shown in FIG. 1, the obstructing layer 4 of a dark-color ceramic suchas a black ceramic is laminated on the periphery of the windshield. Theobstructing layer 4 is used to obstruct the field of view from theinside or the outside of the vehicle, is laminated along the four sidesof the windshield, and is configured to cover a peripheral edge portionof the functional layer 133. Therefore, as described below, theobstructing layer 4 can hide a peripheral edge portion of the functionallayer 133, which is likely to have wrinkles, and hide this part so as tobe invisible from the inside or the outside of the vehicle.

As described above, the obstructing layer 4 may be laminated on variousmodes. For example, in addition to being laminated only on the vehicleinterior-side surface of the inner glass plate 12, the obstructing layer4 may be laminated only on the inner surface of the outer glass plate11, or on the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11 and the innersurface of the inner glass plate 12. In addition, the obstructing layer4 may be formed of various materials. For example, the followingcompositions may be employed.

TABLE 1 First and Second Colored Ceramic Paste Pigment *1 mass % 10Resin (Cellulosic mass % 10 Resin) Organic Solvent mass % 10 (Pine Oil)Glass Binder *2 mass % 70 Viscosity dPs 150 *1, Main ingredients: copperoxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, and manganese oxide *2, Mainingredients: bismuth borosilicate, zinc borosilicate

The ceramic can be formed by means of screen printing, but can also bemanufactured by transferring a transfer film for firing onto a glassplate and firing this glass plate. In the case of employing screenprinting, for example, the following conditions may be employed:polyester screen: 355 mesh, coat thickness: 20 μm, tension: 20 Nm,squeegee hardness: 80 degrees, attachment angle: 75°, and printingspeed: 300 mm/s, and the ceramic can be formed after being dried in adrying oven at 150° C. for 10 minutes.

Note that the obstructing layer 4 can be formed not only by laminating aceramic, but also by attaching an obstructing film that is made of adark-color resin.

<3. Relationship between Curve of Glass Plates and Intermediate Film>

As described above, the windshield according to the present embodimentis curved so as to protrude toward the outside of the vehicle. Here, therelationship between the curve of the glass plates and the intermediatefilm will be examined. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the dimensions andphysical properties of the windshield are defined as follows. Note thatFIG. 3 is a perspective view of the windshield according to the presentembodiment, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line OP inFIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line QR inFIG. 3.

The midpoint of the upper side of the inner glass plate: O

The midpoint of the lower side of the inner glass plate: P

The midpoint of the left side of the inner glass plate: Q

The midpoint of the right side of the inner glass plate: R

The length of a curved line OP extending along the vehicle interior-sidesurface (a first surface) of the inner glass plate: L_(V)

The length of a straight line OP: I_(V)

The length of a curved line QR extending along the first surface of theinner glass plate: Lh

The length of a straight line QR: I_(H)

I_(V)/L_(V): r_(V)

I_(H)/L_(H): r_(H)

A roll winding direction in which the functional layer is fed out: an MDdirection

A direction that is orthogonal to the roll winding direction in whichthe functional layer is fed out: a TD direction

The heat shrinkage of the functional layer in the MD direction beforeand after being heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes: r_(MD)

The heat shrinkage of the functional layer in the TD direction beforeand after being heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes: r_(TD)

As shown in FIG. 3, the windshield has a shape in which the lineextending in the vertical direction (the Y axis) connecting theabove-described points O and P is curved, and the line extending in thehorizontal direction (the X axis) connecting the above-described pointsQ and R is curved. That is to say, this windshield has athree-dimensional structure. In the following description, the maximumdistance between the straight line OP and the vehicle interior-sidesurface of the inner glass plate 12 is referred to as an amount of bendd, and the maximum distance between the straight line QR and the vehicleinterior-side surface of the inner glass plate 12 is referred to as abending depth y. In the windshield targeted by the present embodiment,the amount of bend d and the bending depth y, which indicate the degreeof curvature, are both no less than 10 mm, and as a result, thefunctional layer 133 is likely to have wrinkles as described below.

By the way, as described below, the intermediate film 13 is disposedbetween the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 121, and isfixed between the two glass plates 11 and 12 after heat and pressure areapplied thereto. At this time, mainly the adhesion layers 131 and 132melt, but the functional layer 133 does not melt. In addition, the twoglass plates 11 and are curved in both the horizontal direction and thevertical direction, when the flat intermediate film 13 is disposed andbonded between the two glass plates 11 and 12, wrinkles may be formed ona peripheral edge portion of the functional layer 133. Therefore, in thepresent embodiment, studies have been made to prevent wrinkles frombeing formed on a peripheral edge portion of the functional layer 133,as much as possible.

r_(V) and r_(H) are defined in the above definition, which indicate thedegree of curvature of the windshield in the axial direction. The largerthe values are, the closer to a flat plane the windshield is. In thepresent embodiment, the above-described flat functional layer 133 isdisposed between the two glass plates 11 and 12 that arethree-dimensionally curved. However, the functional layer 133 shrinksbecause heat is applied thereto at the time of manufacture. Therefore,it can be envisaged that, even if such wrinkles are formed, they will beeliminated or reduced through heat shrinkage, depending on theconditions described below. The inventors of the present invention foundthat, when the degrees of curvature r_(V) and r_(H) and the heatshrinkages r_(MD) and r_(TD) were compared with each other, and thedegrees of curvature r_(V) and r_(H) were larger than the heatshrinkages, almost no wrinkles were formed.

Here, in the present embodiment, the intermediate film 13 is disposedbetween the two glass plates 11 and 12 so that the MD directioncoincides with the longitudinal direction of the windshield, i.e., thehorizontal direction. The inventors of the present invention found thatwrinkles did not occur when Formula (1) below considering the curvaturein both the X axis direction and the Y axis direction was satisfied.That is to say, if the degree of curvature of the windshield is greaterthan the degree of heat shrinkage of the functional layer 133, theexcessive portion of the functional layer that does not follow thecurved surface shrinks due to the heat shrinkage of the functional layer133, and the functional layer 133 follows the curvature, and wrinklesare less likely to be formed.

r _(V) ×r _(H) ≥r _(MD) ×r _(TD)  (1)

Also, when the degree of curvature in the lateral direction is small,i.e., when r_(V) is sufficiently large, wrinkles formed due to thecurvature in the lateral direction can be ignored. That is to say, whenthe intermediate film 13 is disposed between the outer glass plate 11and the inner glass plate 12, the functional layer 133 is disposed so asto match the curvature in the longitudinal direction, and thus wrinklesare prevented from being formed in the longitudinal direction on thefunctional layer 133. Also, since the degree of curvature in the lateraldirection is small, the influence of wrinkles on the functional layer133 caused due to the curvature in the lateral direction is small.Therefore, the intermediate film 13 can be disposed between the twoglass plates 11 and 12 so that the number of wrinkles formed on thefunctional layer 133 is reduced, as in the case of wrapping a flat sheetaround a columnar object.

Furthermore, when the two glass plates 11 and 12 and the intermediatefilm 13 are bonded together, if the functional layer 133 satisfiesr_(V)≥r_(TD), the excessive portion of the functional layer in thelateral direction shrinks due to the heat shrinkage of the functionallayer 133 so as to follow the curvature. As a result, it is possible todispose the functional layer 133 while preventing wrinkles from beingformed. From the above, the inventors of the present invention foundthat, when the intermediate film 13 was to be bonded, if Formula (2) wassatisfied, wrinkles were not formed or only negligible wrinkles wereformed.

r _(V)≥0.9990 and r _(V) ≥r _(TD)  (2)

As described above, in order to prevent wrinkles from being formed onthe functional layer 133, it is preferable to form the laminated glass10 so as to satisfy at least one of Formulas (1) and (2), and when bothFormulas (1) and (2) are satisfied, it is possible to further preventwrinkles from being formed.

<4. Method for Manufacturing Windshield>

Next, an example of a method for manufacturing a windshield with theabove-described configuration will be described. First, a method formanufacturing a laminated glass 1 will be described.

First, at least one of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glassplate 12 that have a flat plate shape, and the above-describedobstructing layer 4 are laminated. Next, shape forming is performed sothat the glass plates 11 and 12 are curved. The shape forming method isnot particularly limited, and a known method may be adopted. Forexample, after the flat glass plates have passed through a heatingfurnace, by pressing the glass plates using an upper mold and a lowermold, it is possible to form the glass plates into a curved shape.Alternatively, the flat outer glass plate and inner glass plate areplaced on each other, are positioned on a frame-shaped mold, and arepassed through a heating furnace. As a result, the two glass plates aresoftened, and are formed into a curved shape due to their own weight.

When the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 are formed ina curved shape in this way, the intermediate film 13 is subsequentlysandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate12, and they are placed in a rubber bag, and pre-bonded to each other atapproximately 70° C. to 110° C. while performing suction under reducedpressure. The intermediate film 13 is, for example, the functional layer133 sandwiched by the adhesion layers 131 and 132. Other pre-bondingmethods may also be employed. For example, the intermediate film 13 issandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate12, and they are heated at 45° C. to 65° C. in an oven. Subsequently,this laminated glass is pressed using a roll at 0.45 MPa to 0.55 MPa.Next, the laminated glass is heated again in the oven at 80° C. to 105°C., and is thereafter pressed again using a roll at 0.45 MPa to 0.55MPa. In this way, pre-bonding is complete.

Next, main bonding is performed. The pre-bonded laminated glass issubjected to main bonding, using an autoclave at 8 atm to 15 atm at 100°C. to 150° C., for example. Specifically, main bonding can be performedat 14 atm at 145° C., for example. Thus, the laminated glass 1 accordingto the present embodiment is manufactured.

<5. Features>

With the above-described windshield, the following effects can beachieved.

(1) If a flat intermediate film 13 is sandwiched between two curvedglass plates 11 and 12, wrinkles may be formed on a peripheral edgeportion of the functional layer 133 in the intermediate film 13.However, the peripheral edge portion of the functional layer 133 ishidden by the obstructing layer 4, and therefore wrinkles, if formed,are prevented from being seen from the inside or the outside of thevehicle. Thus, it is possible to improve the appearance of thewindshield.

(2) The outer edge of the functional layer 133 is located inward of anend edge of the laminated glass 10 so as not to be exposed to theoutside from the two glass plates 11 and 12. Therefore, at the end edgeof the laminated glass 10, the portion exposed from the two glass plates11 and 12 is protected by the adhesion layers 131 and 132, and wateringress is prevented.

(3) By satisfying at least one of the above Formulas (1) and (2), it ispossible to prevent wrinkles from being formed.

<6. Modifications>

Although one embodiment of the present invention is described above, thepresent invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can bemodified in various manners without departing from the spirit thereof.Note that the following modifications can be combined as appropriate.

<6-1>

In the above embodiment, the entire outer edge portion of the functionallayer 133 is located inward of the inner edge of the obstructing layer4. However, there is a case in which wrinkles are not formed on theentire outer edge portion of the functional layer 133. Therefore,instead of the entire outer edge portion of the functional layer 133, aportion thereof may be located outward of the inner edge of theobstructing layer 4. However, it is preferable that a portion that facesthe upper side of the laminated glass 10, of the functional layer 133,is located outward of the inner edge of the obstructing layer 4. This isbecause rainwater may enter from the upper side of the laminated glass10, and it is preferable that this portion is hidden by the obstructinglayer 4.

Furthermore, for example, when a projection film for an HUD is used asthe functional layer, a projection film 133 may be provided at the lowerend of the laminated glass as shown in FIG. 6. In this case, theprojection film 133 is formed into a rectangular shape. Therefore, it ispossible to hide the right side and the lower side of the projectionfilm 133 with the obstructing layer 4. Also, the portion exposed fromthe obstructing layer 4 can be made difficult to see by forming a cornerportion 136 at which the upper side and the lower side intersect into anarc shape.

When the projection film 133 is used, in order to make the informationprojected from the HUD easier to see, it is preferable to set thevisible light transmittance of the inner glass plate 12 defined by JISR3106:1998, for example, to be larger than the visible lighttransmittance of the outer glass plate 11. In addition, it is possibleto make the visible light transmittance per unit thickness of the innerglass plate larger than the visible light transmittance per unitthickness of the outer glass plate 11. It is also preferable that thethickness of the inner glass plate 12 is smaller than the thickness ofthe outer glass plate 11. The visible light transmittance of the innerglass plate 12 is preferably no less than 85%, for example.

In addition, the projection film 133 is preferably disposed on the innerglass plate 12 side in the thickness direction of the intermediate film13. That is to say, the second adhesion layer 132 is to be thinner thanthe first adhesion layer 131. As a result, the optical path from the HUDis reduced, and a double image is less likely to occur. In this case,the distance between the projection film 133 and the inner glass plate12, i.e., the thickness of the second adhesion layer 132 is preferably0.3 μm to 100 μm, and more preferably 5 μm to 100 μm. When the secondadhesion layer 132 is to be thinned, the inner glass plate 12 sidesurface of the projection film 133 may be coated with, for example, amaterial constituting the second adhesion layer 132, such as PVB. As aresult, the thickness of the second adhesion layer 132, i.e., thedistance between the projection film 133 and the inner glass plate 12,can be set to approximately 0.3 μm.

The projection film 133 can be used alone as a functional layer.However, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the projection film 133 may bedisposed on a base film 138, and these films may be disposed between thetwo adhesion layers 131 and 132. In this example, the projection film133 is formed so as to be smaller than the base film 138.

If a functional layer that includes the projection film 133 and the basefilm 138 described above is disposed in the laminated glass 10, a stepmay be formed in the intermediate film 13 due to the presence of theouter edge portion of the functional layer 133. As a result, thelaminated glass 10 may bulge in the thickness direction, and a doubleimage larger than a reference size may be formed. In particular, theinventors of the present invention confirmed that the laminated glass isdistorted in a predetermined range in the planar direction from theouter edge of the functional layer, i.e., the outer edge of the basefilm, and such a distortion causes a double image larger than areference size. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7, a double image is formedin both the range from the outer edge of the functional layer 133, i.e.,an outer edge Q of the base film 138 to the laminated glass's edge side(X2 side), and the range to the base film side (X1 side), which is theopposite side. Therefore, it is preferable that the projection film 133to which light is projected from the HUD is separated from the outeredge of the base film 138 so that a double image larger than thereference size is not formed. That is to say, through Test 2 describedbelow, it has been confirmed that a distance L1 between the outer edgeof the projection film 133 and the outer edge of the base film ispreferably no less than 10 mm, and regarding an image reflected on theprojection film, such a configuration prevents a double image from beingformed.

In particular, through the Test 1 below, the inventors of the presentinvention have confirmed that, when a distance d between the functionallayer (projection film 133) and the inner glass plate 12 is no greaterthan 50 μm, a double image can be prevented from being formed on theprojection film 133 by setting the distance L1 to be no less than 26.8mm. Note that, when the distance d between the functional layer 133 andthe inner glass plate 12 is no greater than 30 μm, and furthermore, whenthe distance d is no greater than 25 μm, it is particularly preferablethat the distance L1 is no less than 26.8 mm. Note that the distanceverified in the above description is based on the above-mentionedknowledge regarding the double image formed on the X1 side, but it hasalso been confirmed by the inventors that the same applies to the doubleimage formed on the X2 side, i.e., in the direction away from thefunctional layer 133.

The following describes Test 1. Specifically, as schematically shown inFIG. 7, the first adhesion layer 131, the projection film 133 with athickness of 101 μm, and the second adhesion layer 132 were disposedbetween the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 with a sideof 300 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, so as to be laminated in the statedorder. Here, the thickness of the intermediate film 13 was 0.76 mm, andthe distance from the projection film 133 to the inner glass plate 12(approximately the thickness of the second adhesion layer 132) was 25μm. The projection film 133 has a size of 252 mm×268 mm, which issmaller than the base film 138, and the distance L1 is secured betweenthe outer edge of the base film 138 and the outer edge of projectionfilm 133. In such a laminated glass, a double image measurementconforming to JIS R3211/R3212 was performed while changing the positionof the projection film 133 on the base film 138 and changing thedistance L1. Specifically, a double image was measured at the outer edgeP of the projection film 133 when the distances L1 were 21 mm, 71 mm,and 121 mm. The results are shown in FIG. 8.

FIG. 8 is a logarithmic graph showing three measurement points and anapproximate curve thereof. It was found that a distance L1 that conformsto the reference value defined in the JIS described above, i.e., adistance L1 at which the double image was considered to be no greaterthan 25 minutes, was 26.8 mm. That is to say, it was found that when thedistance L1 from the outer edge of the base film 138 to the outer edgeof the projection film 133 is no less than 26.8 mm, a double imagelarger than the reference value would not be formed on the projectionfilm 133.

Furthermore, Test 2 described below was also conducted. Through thisTest 2, on a laminated glass on which three types of projection films133 shown in Table 2, the position of each projection film 133 wasmoved, and a double image was measured using the above-described method.The outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 had a side of 300mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The thickness of intermediate film 13 was0.76 mm. Note that the film 2 shown in Table 2 below is the same as theprojection film used in Test 1 above.

TABLE 2 Film 1 Film 2 Film 3 Size 236 mm × 266 mm 252 mm × 268 mm 236 mm× 250 mm Thickness 103 μm 101 μm  50 μm Distance LI from Outer Edge  25μm  25 μm 380 μm of Base Film to Outer Edge of Projection Film

As shown in Table 2, the films 1 and 2 are disposed near the inner glassplate in the thickness direction of the intermediate film. On the otherhand, the film 3 is disposed near a central position in the thicknessdirection of the intermediate film. The results of the measurement of adouble image are as shown below.

TABLE 3 Distance L1 (mm) Distance L1 (mm) from Outer Edge from OuterEdge (Upper Side) of (Right Side) of Base Film to Base Film to DoubleImage Projection Film Projection Film (minutes) Film 1 18 125 75 or more68 125 7 118 125 0 118 75 0 118 25 35 Film 2 21 133 40 71 133 4 121 1332 121 83 3 121 83 15 Film 3 8 125 30 10 125 12 18 125 1 68 125 0 118 1250 118 75 0 118 25 0

The reference value of the double image is 25 minutes or less, andtherefore, from the results regarding the above films 1 and 2, it wasfound that, if the projection film 133 was disposed near the inner glassplate 12, a double image larger than the reference value was not formedon the projection film 133 when the distance L1 was no less than 26.8mm, as with the results shown in FIG. 8. On the other hand, it was foundthat, if the projection film 133 was disposed near the central positionin the thickness direction of the intermediate film 13 as in the case ofthe film 3, a double image larger than the reference value was notformed on the projection film 133 when the distance L1 was no less than10 mm.

By the way, in the above-described example in FIG. 6, all sides of thefunctional layer 13 (the base film 138) are disposed in the laminatedglass 10. However, as shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to employ aconfiguration in which h the outer edge of a portion of the functionallayer 13 reaches the end edge of the laminated glass 10. In such a case,the outer edge of the portion of the functional layer 13 is exposed tothe outside from a position between the outer glass plate 11 and theinner glass plate 12. With such a configuration, a bulge is less likelyto be caused by the above-described step, and a double image can beprevented from being formed on the projection film 133. However, thereis the risk of water entering from the exposed end edge of thefunctional layer 13. In this regard, with the configuration shown inFIG. 6, the outer edge of the functional layer 13 is protected by theadhesion layers 131 and 132 and is not exposed to the outside from aposition between the glass plates 11 and 12, and water ingress isprevented. Note that the shapes of the base film 138 and the projectionfilm 133 are not particularly limited, and any shape other than arectangular shape may be employed.

<6-2>

The configuration of the obstructing layer 4 is not particularlylimited, and the obstructing layer 4 may be disposed along theperipheral edge portions of the glass plates as described above. Also,the obstructing layer 4 may be provided with an extension portion 42 foran on-board camera (an information acquisition device) as shown in FIG.10. This extension portion 42 is provided with an imaging window(opening) 421 for a camera, so that images of the outside of the vehiclecan be captured. In addition, it is possible to use this extensionportion 42 to make the bracket that supports the camera invisible fromthe outside of the vehicle. The obstructing layer 4 according to thepresent invention may be provided with such an extension portion, orformed in various shapes. In addition, the shape of the imaging window421 is not particularly limited, and may be a shape with a closedperipheral edge as shown in FIG. 9, or a shape in which a portionthereof being open from the end of the extension portion.

For the obstructing layer 4, various materials may be employed inaddition to the above-mentioned materials. For example, a material withan infrared transmittance of no greater than 5% may be employed. Byusing such a material, it is possible to achieve a heat shielding effectat the peripheral edge of the windshield. Further, when a heat shieldfilm is used for the functional layer 133, the heat shield film can bemade smaller. That is to say, in the heat shield film, the area of theportion hidden by the obstructing layer 4 can be reduced.

In addition, in order to prevent the functional layer 133 from affectingimaging performed by the on-board camera, it is preferable that thefunctional layer 133 is formed so as not to overlap the imaging window421. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the a through hole 134 may beformed in a portion that overlaps the imaging window 421 of thefunctional layer 133. This through hole 134 may be disposed inward ofthe outer edge of the extension portion 42, and may have a shape thatsurrounds the imaging window 421. In addition, a distance L2 between thethrough hole 134 and the imaging window 421 is preferably no less than10 mm. This is because, as described above, a step is formed in theintermediate film 13 due to the outer edge of the functional layer 133,and a double image is formed in a given range from the outer edge of thefunctional layer 133 in a planer direction. In this example, the stepformed due to the presence of the inner edge of the through hole 134 inthe functional layer 133 may generate a double image larger than thereference value, at a position inward of the inner edge (theabove-mentioned double image on the X2 side). Therefore, it ispreferable that the imaging window 421 is separated from the inner edgeof the through hole 134 by at least 10 mm. In particular, when thedistance between the functional layer 133 and the outer glass plate 11or the inner glass plate 12 (the thickness of the first adhesion layer131 or the second adhesion layer 132) is no greater than 10 μm, it ispreferable that the distance L2, calculated in the same manner as theabove distance L1, is no less than 26.8 mm.

Also, instead of forming a through hole in the functional layer 133 asdescribed above, a cutout 135 may be formed in the upper edge of thefunctional layer 133 as shown in FIG. 12. The imaging window 421 may beformed upward of the cutout 135. This cutout 135 may be located inwardof the outer edge of the extension portion 42, and may have a shape thatpasses through the periphery of the imaging window 421. In addition, thedistance L2 between the cutout 135 and the imaging window 421 may be setin the same manner as described above.

The above-described imaging window 421 may also be used for varioussensors other than the on-board camera.

<6-3>

Although the above embodiment describes an example in which theautomobile laminated glass according to the present invention is appliedto a windshield, the automobile laminated glass may also be applied to arear window, a side window, and so on.

Examples

The following describes examples of the present invention. Note that thepresent invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Windshields according to Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to4 manufactured using the method described in the above embodiment wereprepared. Dimensions and so on are as shown below. Note that thedefinitions of the dimensions shown below are the same as those shown inthe above embodiment.

TABLE 4 Vertical Direction Horizontal Direction Amount Curved StraightBending Curved Straight of Bend Line OP Line OP Depth Line QR Line QR(mm) (mm) (mm) r_(V) (%) (mm) (mm) (mm) r_(H) (%) Example 1 19.7 902.35901.16 99.87 33.9 1346.16 1343.8 99.82 Example 2 33.2 1058.04 1055.299.73 37.6 1371.42 1368.52 99.79 Example 3 17.1 897 896.11 99.90 58.451418.05 1411 99.50 Example 4 24.1 1266.05 1264.64 99.89 75.48 1532.981520.81 99.21 Example 5 16.2 828.89 827.93 99.88 81.29 1517 1503.8999.14 Example 6 21.0 1021.93 1020.71 99.88 87.26 1522.01 1507.42 99.04Example 7 15.8 839.56 838.77 99.91 148.24 1671.17 1630.8 97.58 Example 825.4 1119.23 1117.49 99.84 42.6 1471.05 1467.5 99.76 Example 9 15.4832.07 831.28 99.91 101.08 1449.62 1429.1 98.58 Example 10 13.0 931.71931.2 99.95 80.7 1547.29 1535.95 99.27 Example 11 21.85 1006.18 1005.2199.90 92.41 1464.95 1451.5 99.08 Example 12 21.85 1006.18 1005.21 99.9092.41 1464.95 1451.5 99.08 Example 13 21.85 1006.18 1005.21 99.90 92.411464.95 1451.5 99.08 Example 14 21.85 1006.18 1005.21 99.90 92.411464.95 1451.5 99.08 Example 15 21.85 1006.18 1005.21 99.90 92.411464.95 1451.5 99.08 Comparative 21.9 1006.52 1005.18 99.87 92.411466.77 1450.37 98.88 Example 1 Comparative 21.85 1006.18 1005.21 99.9092.41 1464.95 1451.5 99.08 Example 2 Comparative 22.6 932.1 930.51 99.83128.66 1546.18 1513.96 97.92 Example 3 Comparative 22.9 905.29 903.699.81 106.3 1337.66 1312.95 98.15 Example 4 Comparative 21.4 904.94903.53 99.84 123.78 1498.93 1465.37 97.76 Example 5

All of the intermediate films (materials A to G) used for thewindshields according to the above Examples 1 to 15 and ComparativeExamples 1 to 4 are the same as described below, and are eachconstituted by two adhesion layers and a functional layer interposedtherebetween.

First Adhesion Layer: Polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), thickness 380 μm

Second Adhesion Layer: Polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), thickness 380 μm

Functional Layer: Three types of heat-reflecting films were used asfunctional layers. The heat shrinkage r_(MD) and r_(TD) of eachfunctional layer in the MD direction and the TD direction are as shownin Table 3 below. The size of the outer edge of each functional layerwas adjusted so as to be located at a position that is 10 mm inward ofthe outer edge of the glass plates. The thickness of each functionallayer was 50 μm.

TABLE 5 Material Name r_(MD) r_(TD) Example 1 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 2 A99.4% 99.4% Example 3 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 4 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 5 A99.4% 99.4% Example 6 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 7 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 8 A99.4% 99.4% Example 9 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 10 A 99.4% 99.4% Example 11B 99.0% 98.7% Example 12 D 97.9% 98.5% Example 13 E 98.9% 96.6% Example14 F 97.2% 97.7% Example 15 G 99.5% 99.6% Comparative A 99.4% 99.4%Example 1 Comparative C 100.0% 99.8% Example 2 Comparative A 99.4% 99.4%Example 3 Comparative A 99.4% 99.4% Example 4

Regarding Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, theabove-described Formulas (1) and (2) were examined, and the presence orabsence of wrinkles on the peripheral edge portion of the functionallayer was visually observed. The results are as shown below.

TABLE 6 Formula (1) Formula (2) r_(V) × r_(E) ≥ r_(MD) × r_(TD) r_(V) ≥0.9990 r_(V) ≥ r_(TD) Wrinkles Example 1 YES NO YES Absent Example 2 YESNO YES Absent Example 3 YES YES YES Absent Example 4 YES NO YES AbsentExample 5 YES NO YES Absent Example 6 YES NO YES Absent Example 7 NO YESYES Absent Example 8 YES NO YES Absent Example 9 NO YES YES AbsentExample 10 YES YES YES Absent Example 11 YES YES YES Absent Example 12YES YES YES Absent Example 13 YES YES YES Absent Example 14 YES YES YESAbsent Example 15 YES NO YES Absent Comparative NO NO YES PresentExample 1 Comparative NO YES NO Present Example 2 Comparative NO NO YESPresent Example 3 Comparative NO NO YES Present Example 4 Comparative NONO YES Present Example 5

As shown in Table 6, Examples 1 to 11 satisfied at least one of Formulas(1) and (2), and as a result, wrinkles were not formed on the peripheraledge portion of the functional layer. In contrast, Comparative Examples1 to 4 did not satisfy Formulas (1) or (2), and as a result, wrinkleswere formed on the peripheral edge portion of the functional layer.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

-   -   10 Laminated Glass    -   11 Outer Glass Plate (First Glass Plate)    -   12 Inner Glass Plate (Second Glass Plate)    -   13 Intermediate Film    -   131 First Adhesion Layer    -   132 Second Adhesion Layer    -   133 Functional Layer    -   4 Obstructing Layer

1. An automobile laminated glass comprising: a first glass plate that is formed into a rectangular shape; a second glass plate that is disposed so as to face the first glass plate, and is formed into a rectangular shape; an intermediate film that is disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and includes a functional layer; and an obstructing layer that is laminated on a peripheral edge portion of at least one of the first glass plate and the second glass plate, wherein the functional layer is formed so that an outer edge of at least a portion of the functional layer is located outward of an inner edge of the obstructing layer. 2.-3. (canceled)
 4. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up display device, and at least one base film that supports the projection film, and a portion of the outer edge of the functional layer is formed so as to reach an end edge of the automobile laminated glass.
 5. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up display device, and at least one base film that supports the projection film, and a portion of the outer edge of the functional layer is disposed with a gap from an end edge of the automobile laminated glass.
 6. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up display device, and at least one base film that supports the projection film, and an end edge of the projection film is located inward of an end edge of the base film, with a gap of at least 10 mm from the end edge of the base film.
 7. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side, the functional layer includes a projection film and at least one base film that supports the projection film, and when a distance between the base film and the second glass plate is no greater than 50 μm, an end edge of the projection film is located inward of an end edge of the base film, with a gap of at least 26.8 mm from the end edge of the base film.
 8. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side, the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up display device, and a visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is greater than a visible light transmittance of the first glass plate. 9.-11. (canceled)
 12. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side, the functional layer includes a projection film for a head-up display device, and a distance between the projection film and the second glass plate is smaller than a distance between the projection film and the first glass plate. 13.-14. (canceled)
 15. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the obstructing layer is provided with an opening through which light entering an information acquisition device that is provided on a vehicle interior-side passes, and a distance between the opening and the functional layer is no less than 10 mm.
 16. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 15, wherein a distance between the functional layer and either one of the glass plates is no greater than 50 μm, and a distance between the opening and the functional layer is no less than 26.8 mm.
 17. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 15, wherein the functional layer is provided with an projection film for a head-up display device, and an upper edge of the projection film is located lower than the opening.
 18. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer is provided with an infrared reflective film, and a distance between the infrared reflective film and the first glass plate is smaller than a distance between the infrared reflective film and the first glass plate. 19.-20. (canceled)
 21. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate film is provided with the functional layer, and at least one adhesion layer for bonding the functional layer to at least one of the glass plates.
 22. (canceled)
 23. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer is formed so that an outer edge of at least a portion of the functional layer is located within a range of 10 mm inward of an outer edge of the automobile laminated glass.
 24. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the automobile laminated glass is curved so as to protrude toward the first glass plate side, and a maximum distance between a virtual line connecting respective midpoints of upper and lower sides of the second glass plate and the second glass plate is no less than 10 mm.
 25. (canceled)
 26. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer is configured to thermally shrink when heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes.
 27. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the automobile laminated glass is curved so as to protrude toward the first glass plate side, and at least one of Formulas (1) and (2) below is satisfied: r _(V) ×r _(H) ≥r _(MD) ×r _(TD)  (1) r _(V)≥0.9990 and r _(V) ≥r _(TD)  (2) where O denotes a midpoint of an upper side of the second glass plate, P denotes a midpoint of a lower side of the second glass plate, Q denotes a midpoint of a left side of the second glass plate, R denotes a midpoint of a right side of the second glass plate, L_(V) denotes a length of a curved line OP that extends along a first surface of the second glass plate on an opposite side of the first glass plate, I_(V) denotes a length of a straight line OP, Lh denotes a length of a curved line QR extending along the first surface of the second glass plate, I_(H) denotes a length of a straight line QR, r_(V) denotes I_(V)/L_(V), r_(H) denotes I_(H)/L_(H), an MD direction denotes a roll winding direction in which the functional layer is fed out, a TD direction denotes a direction that is orthogonal to the roll winding direction in which the functional layer is fed out, r_(MD) denotes a heat shrinkage of the functional layer in the MD direction before and after being heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes, r_(TD) denote a heat shrinkage of the functional layer in the TD direction before and after being heated at 130° C. for 30 minutes, and the MD direction of the functional layer coincides with a direction in which the curved line QR extends.
 28. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the first glass plate is located on a vehicle exterior-side, the second glass plate is located on a vehicle interior-side, and the obstructing layer is laminated on at least one of a vehicle interior-side surface of the first glass plate and a vehicle interior-side surface of the second glass plate.
 29. (canceled)
 30. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer includes a heat shield film.
 31. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer includes at least one of a heating element or an antenna element.
 32. The automobile laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein the automobile laminated glass is configured so that light emitted from a head-up display device projects information thereto, and the functional layer includes a projection film to which the information is projected. 33.-34. (canceled) 